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VOST, сейчас, друзья насафилы, начнут популярно объяснять, что...
а) наса всегда так делает
б) грунт весь учтён, и хранится для будущих поколений
в) а кто такой вообще Попов...
как то так., возможно пункты поменяют местами...

Ощущаешь себя своим парнем на мальчишнике, хи-хи

Теще своей "тыкать" буде...те.
Призываю всех придерживаться определенного уровня культуры общения. Мы же не быдло какое из Жмеринки.

озвучьте пожалуйста, критерии уровня культуры.

Чтоб не пил, не курил,
И цветы всегда дарил.
В дом зарплату отдавал,
Тёщу мамой называл.
Был к футболу равнодушен,
А в компании не скушен.
И к тому же чтобы он
И красив был, и умён.

Может такие???

ну это, по крайней мере скучно...

Вапщето я о своих ощущениях писала, там же нет вопросительного знака
Друзьям я - да, тыкаю, единомышленникам, которым доверяю - тоже, даже без бруденшафта
Тещи никогда не имела, у нас еще не разрешены однополые браки, бу-га-га...
Так что, Мадамка, призываю вас не сердиться на меня за российского посла, мнения по которому у нас разошлись))), ну, бывает...

Да, огласите весь список, пожа-ик,луйста (с)
Толерастию просьба не предлагать))).
А вапще, ребята, харошая темка)))
Кому-то может нравится смотреть как мужчины мускулами играют, а я завороженно следила за полетом мысли, игрой извилин , особенно расчет полученной астронавтами радиации впечатлил рядом с умными мужчинами чувствуешь себя как за каменной стеной))).
А культура общения как раз в том и состоит, чтобы типа не лезть в бане в чужое отделение, а потом пенять всем, что они перед тобой голые, как-то так...

Я уже задолбался цитировать статьи. Раздают и сейчас и ни в какое не "ограниченное число лабораторий". Порции были и поболее 0,5 грамма. Ну и Попов ессно не первоисточник. Мне по новой работы вываливать, когда очередной неофит с цитатами Попова-Мухена заходит?

Это чтоб товарисч заткнулся. Список ведущих исследователей, получивших образцы Аполлона-11 на проведение научных изысканий. Список содержит только тех, кто подал заявки до Июля 1969 (т.е. не всех). Стр. 220-241:
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/A11_PressKit.pdf
Страны-получатели, как следует из списка, кроме США,: Австралия, Бельгия, Канада, Англия, Финляндия, Германия, Япония, Шотландия, Швейцария.
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND INVESTIGATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE SAMPLES
Adams, J. B. — Co-Investigator: Jones, R. L
Caribbean Research Inst., St. Thomas, V. I.; NASA Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas
Investigation: Visible and Near-Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy of Returned Lunar Sample at CRI & Lunar Receiving Lab. (LRL)

Adler, I. — Co-Investigators: Walter, L. S., Goldstein, J. I., Philpotts, J. A., Lowman, P. D., French, B. M.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Investigation: Elemental Analysis by Electron Microprobe

Agrell, S.O. — Co-Investigator: Muir, I. O.
University Cambridge, England
Investigation: Broad Mineralogic Studies

Alvarez, L. W. — Co-Investigator: Watt, R. D.
University of California, Berkeley, California
Investigation: Search for Magnetic Monopoles at LRL

Anders, E. — Co-Investigators: Keays, R. R., Ganapathy, R., Jeffery, P. M.
University of Chicago, Chicago
Investigation: (a) Determine 14 Elements By Neutron Activation Analysis (b) Measure Cosmic Ray Induced Al26 Content

Anderson, O. — Co-Investigators: Soga, N., Kumazawa, M.
Lamont Geol. Obs., Columbia Univ., Palisades, N.Y.
Investigation: Measure Sonic Velocity, Thermal Expansivity, Specific Heat, Dielectric Constant, and Index of Refraction

Arnold, J. R. — Co-Investigators: Suess, H. E., Bhandari, N., Shedlovsky, J., Honda. M., Lal, D.
Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Activation Effects

Arrhenius. G. O. — Co-Investigators: Reid, A., Fitzgerald, R.
Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Microstructure Characteristics and Composition

Barghoorn, E. — Co-Investigator: Philpott, D.
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass.; NASA Ames Res. Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
Investigation: Electron Microscopy of Returned Lunar Organic Samples

Bastin, J. — Co-Investigator: Clegg, P. E.
Queen Mary College, London, England
Investigation: Measure Electric Properties and Thermal Conductivity

Bell, P. M. — Co-Investigator: Finger, L.
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington D. C.
Investigation: Determine Crystal Structure of Separated Mineral Phases

Biemann, K.
Mass. Inst. Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: Mass Spectrometric Analyses for Organic Matter in Lunar Crust

Birkebak, R. C. — Co-Investigators: Cremers, C. J., Dawson, J. P.
Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
Investigation: Measure Thermal Radiative Features and Thermal Conductivity

Bowie, S. H. U. — Co-Investigators: Horne, J. E. T., Snelling, N. J.
Inst. of Geol. Sciences, London England
Investigation: Determinative Mineralogy for Opaque Materials by Electron Microprobe, Distribution of Radioactive Material by Auto-Radiograph, Analysis for Pb, U and Th Isotopes by Mass Spectrometry

Brown, G. M. — Co-Investigators: Emeleus, C. H., Holland, J. G., Phillips, R.
Univ. Durham, Durham, England
Investigation: Petrologic Analysis by Standard Methods; Electron Probe Analysis Reflected Light Microscopy

Burlingame, A. L. — Co-Investigator: Biemann, K.
Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.; Mass. Inst. Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: Organic Mass Spectrometer Development for LRL

Calvin, M. — Co-Investigator: Burlingame, A. L.
Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif.
Investigation: Study of Lunar Samples by Mass Spectrometry (Computerized) and Other Analytical Instrumentation

Cameron, E. N.
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Investigation: Determine Structure, Composition Texture, and Phases of Opaque Material by Many Methods

Carter, N. L.
Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
Investigation: Determine Effects of Shock on Lunar Materials Using Optical X-Ray, and Electron Microscopic Methods

Chao, E. C. T. — Co-Investigators: James, O. B., Wilcox, R. E., Minkin, J. A.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Shocked Mineral Studies by Optical, X-Ray and Microprobe Techniques

Clayton, R. N.
Univ. Chicago
Investigation: Determine Stable Isotope of Oxygen

Cloud, P. — Co-Investigator: Philpott, D.
Univ. Calif., Los Angeles; NASA Ames Res. Ctr.
Investigation: Electron Microscopy of Returned Lunar Organic Samples

Collett, L. S. — Co-Investigator: Becker, A.
Geol. Survey, Canada
Investigation: Determine Electrical Conductivity

Compston, W. C. — Co-Investigators: Arriens, P. A., Chappell, B. W., Vernon, M. J.
Australian Nat'l University, Canberra
Investigation: Sr and Sr Isotopes By X-Ray Fluorescence and Mass Spectrometry

Dalrymple, G. B. — Co-Investigator: Doell, R. R
U.S. Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.
Investigation: Measure Natural & Induced Thermoluminescence to determine History and Environmental Features of Lunar Materials

Davis, R. — Co-Investigator: Stoenner, R. W.
Brookhaven Nat. Lab., L.I., New York
Investigation: Determine Ar37, Ar39 Content

Doell, R. R. — Co-Investigators: Gromme, C. S., Senftle, F.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.
Investigation: Measurement of Magnetic Properties at LRL and USGS Laboratories, Survey of Remnant Magnetism of Lunar Samples in Vacuum in the LRL

Douglas, J. A. V. — Co-Investigators: Currie, K. L., Dence, M. R., Traill, R. J.
Geol. Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Investigation: Petrologic, Mineralogic and Textural Studies

Duke, M. B. — Co-Investigator: Smith, R. L.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Determine Size Frequency Distribution, Physical Properties and Composition of Lunar Materials of Sub-100 Micron Grain Size

Eglinton, G. — Co-Investigator: Lovelock, J. E.
Univ. Bristol, Bristol, England
Investigation: To Establish the Precise Nature of Organic Compounds in Lunar Material

Ehmann, W. D. — Co-Investigator: Morgan, J. W.
Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
Investigation: Analysis for Major Rock Forming Elements using 14 MEV Neutron Activation

Engel, A. E. — Co-Investigator: Engel, A. C. J.
Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Investigation: Wet Chemical Analysis for Major Elements

Epstein, S. — Co-Investigator: Taylor, H. P.
Cal. Inst. Tech., Pasadena, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Content of Stable Isotopes of O, C, H, and Si by Mass Spectrometry

Evans, H. T. — Co-Investigators: Barton, P. B. Jr., Roseboom, E. H.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Crystal Structures of Sulfides and Related Minerals

Fields, P. R. — Co-Investigators: Hess. D. C., Stevens, C.
Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, Ill.
Investigation: Measure by Mass Spectrometry the Isotopic Abundances of Heavy Elements

Fireman, E. L.
Smithsonian Inst., Astrophysical Obs., Cambridge, Mass.
(a) Measure the Ar37 and Ar39 Content by Mass Spectrometry (b) Determine Tritium Content by Low Level Counting Techniques

Fleischer, R. L. — Co-Investigators: Hanneman, R. E., Kasper, J. S., Price, P. B., Walker, R. M.
General Electric, Schnectady, N. Y.; Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo.
Investigation: (a) Measure Structural Defects in Lunar Materials Through Study of Optical, Electrical and Mechanical Properties (b) Determine the Effect of Cosmic Radiation on Lunar Samples by Study of Fossil Tracks Resulting from Charged Particles

Fox, S. — Co-Investigators: Harada, K., Mueller, G.
Univ. Miami, Coral Gables, Fla
Investigation: Analysis of Organic Lunar Samples for ALPHA Amino Acids and Polymers Thereof

Fredriksson, K. — Co-Investigator: Nelen, J.
Smithsonian Inst. Nat. Museum, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Elemental Analysis by Electron Microprobe

Friedman, I. — Co-Investigator: O'Neil, J. R.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Denver, Colo.
Investigation: Isotopic Composition of H, D, and Oxygen

Frondel, C. — Co-Investigators: Klein, C., Ito, J.
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: Broad Studies of the Texture, composition, and Relationship of Minerals

Gast, P. W.
Lamont Geol. Obs., Columbia Univ., Palisades, N. Y.
Investigation: Determine Concentration of the Alkali, Alkaline Earth and Lanthanide Elements by Mass Spectrometry

Gay, P. — Co-Investigators: Brown, M. G., McKie, D.
Univ. Cambridge, Cambridge, England
Investigation: X-Ray Crystallographic Studies

Geake, J. E. — Co-Investigator: Garlick, G. F. J.
Univ. Manchester, Manchester, England
Investigation: Measure Fluorescence Emission and Other Excitation Spectra; Optical Polarization; X-Ray Fluorescence; Electron Spin Resonance; Neutron Activation Analysis

Geiss, J. — Co-Investigators: Eberhardt, P., Grogler, N., Oeschger, H.
Univ. Berne, Berne, Switzerland
Investigation: Measure Rare Gas Content and Cosmic Ray Produced Tritium by Mass Spectrometry

Gold, T.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
Investigation: Particle size Analysis, Photometric Studies of Radiation Effects from Several Types of Rays; Direct Measure of Radiative Properties; Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent

Goles, G. G.
Univ. Oregon, Eugene, Ore.
Investigation: Elemental Abundances by Neutron Activation Analysis

Greenman, N. N. — Co-Investigator: Cross, H. G.
McDonnell-Douglas Corp. Santa Monica, Calif.
Investigation: Determine the Luminescence Spectra and Efficiencies of Lunar Material and Compare with Mineral Composition

Grossman, J. J. — Co-Investigators: Ryan, J. A., Mukherjee, N. R.
McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Investigation: Microphysical, Microchemical and Adhesive Characteristics of the Lunar Materials

Hafner, S. — Co-Investigator: Virgo, D.
Univ. Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
Investigation: Using Mossbauer and NMR Techniques Measure the Oxidation State of Iron, Radiation Damage and Al, Na, Fe Energy State in Crystals

Halpern, B. — Co-Investigator: Hodgson, G. W.
Stanford Univ., Palo Alto, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Terrestrial & Extra-terrestrial Porphyrins in Association with Amino Acid Compounds

Hapke, B. W. — Co-Investigators: Cohen, A. J., Cassidy, W.
Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Investigation: Determine Effects of Solar Wind on Lunar Material

Haskin, L. A.
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Investigation: Determine Rare Earth Element Content by Neutron Activation Analysis

Helsley, C. E. — Co-Investigators: Burek, P. J., Oetking, P.
Grad. Res. Center of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas
Investigation: Remanent Magnetism Studies

Helz, A. W. — Co-Investigator: Annell, C. S.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Special Trace Elements by Emission Spectroscopy

Herr, W. — Co-Investigators: Kaufhold. J., Skerra, B., Herpers, U.
Univ. Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Investigation: (a) Determine Mn53 Content by High Flux Neutron Bombardment (b) Determine Age of Lunar Materials Using Fission Track Method © Measure Thermoluminescence to Determine Effect of intrinsic Radioactive and Cosmic Ray Particles and Thermal History

Herzenberg, C. L.
Ill. Inst. Of Tech., Chicago
Investigation: Measure the Energy States of the Iron Bearing Minerals and Possible Effects of Cosmic Radiation

Hess, H. H. — Co-Investigator: Otolara, G.
Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. J.
Investigation: Determine Pyroxene Content by X-Ray and Optical Methods

Heymann, D. — Co-Investigators: Adam, J. A. A., Fryer, G. E.
Rice Univ., Houston, Texas
Investigation: Determine Rare Gases and Radioactive Isotopes by Mass Spectrometry

Hintenberger. H. — Co-Investigators: Begemann, R., Schultz, L., Vilcsek, E., Voshage, H., Wanke, H., Wlotzka, A.
Max Planke Inst., Fur Chemie, Mainz, Germany
Investigation: (a) Abundance and isotopic Composition of Hydrogen (b) Measure Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Rare Gases © Isotopic Composition of Nitrogen

Hoering, T. — Co-Investigator: Kaplan, I. R.
Carnegie Inst., D. C.; Univ. Calif., L. A.
Investigation: Analytical Lunar Sample Analyses for C13/C12 and D/H of Organic Matter

Hurley, P. M. — Co-Investigator: Pinson, W. H., Jr.
Mass. Inst. Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: Analyze for Rb, Sr, and their Isotopes

Jedwab, J.
Univ. Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Investigation: Determine the Morphological, Optical and Petrographic Properties of Magnetite and its Chemical Composition by Electron Microprobe

Johnson, R. D.
NASA Ames Research Ctr.
Investigation: Analysis of Lunar Sample for Organic Carbon Behind the Barrier System of the LRL

Kaplan, I. R. — Co-Investigators: Berger, R., Schopf, J. W.
Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.
Investigation: Ratios of Carbon Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulphur Isotope Ratios by Mass Spectrometry

Kanamori, H. — Co-Investigators: Mizutani, H., Takeuchi, H.
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
Investigation: Determine Elastic Constants by Shear/Compressions/Wave Velocity

Keil, K. — Co-Investigators: Bunch, T. E., Prinz, M., Snetsinger, K. G.
Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M.
Investigation: Elemental Analysis and Mineral Phase Studies by Electron Microprobe

King, E. A. — Co-Investigators: Morrison, D. A., Greenwood, W. R.
NASA Manned Spacecraft Center
Investigation: Non-Destructive Mineralogy & Petrology; Analysis of the Fine Size Fraction of Lunar Materials Including Vitreous Phases

Kohman, T. P. — Co-Investigator: Tanner, J. T.
Carnegie Inst. of Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Investigation: Determine isotopic Abundance of Pb, Sr, OS, T1, Nd, and Ag by Mass Spectrometry

Kuno, H. — Co-Investigator: Kushiro, I.
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
Investigation: Petrographic Analysis for Mineral Identification and Chemical Composition

Larochelle, A. — Co-Investigator: Schwarz, E. J.
Geol. Survey, Ottawa, Canada
Investigation: Thermomagnetic, Magnetic Susceptibility and Remanent Magnetism Studies

Lipsky, S. R. — Co-Investigators: Horvath, C. G., McMurray, W. J.
Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
Investigation: Identification of Organic Compounds in Lunar Material by Means of Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry, NMR, High Speed Liquid Chromatography, and Variations on these techniques

Lovering J. F. — Co-Investigators: Butterfield. D. (a), Kleeman, J. D. (b), Veizer, J. (b), Ware, N. G. ©
Australian Nat'l Uni., Canberra, Australia
Investigation: (a) Neutron Activation for U, Th, K (b) Fission Track Analysis for U © Electron Microprobe Analysis for Elemental Composition

MacGregor, I. D. — Co-Investigator: Carter, J. L.
Grad. Research Ctr., S.W. Dallas, Texas
Investigation: Petrographic Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Methods

Manatt, S. L. — Co-Investigators: Elleman, D. D., Vaughan, R. W., Chan, S. I.
NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, Calif.; Cal. Inst. Tech.
Investigation: Nuclear Radio Frequency Analysis Including NMR & ESR Analysis for Oxygen, Hydrogen, Water Content and other elements and their Chemical State

Mason, B. — Co-Investigators: Jarosewich, B., Fredriksson, K., White, J. S.
Smithsonian Inst., Nat. Museum, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: Mineralogic investigations

Maxwell, J. A. — Co-Investigators: Abbey, S., Champ, W. H.
Geol. Survey, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Investigation: Wet Chemical, X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Spectroscopy; Flame Photometry for Major/Minor Elements; Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

McKay, D. S. — Co-Investigators: Anderson. D. H., Greenwood, W. R., Morrison, D. A.
Manned Spacecraft Center
Investigation: Determine Morphology and Composition of Fine Particles Using Electron Microprobe and Scanning Electron Microscope. Analysis to be Undertaken After Quarantine and not within the LRL

Meinschein, W. G.
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind.
Investigation: Determine the Alkane C15 To C30 Content By Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Moore, C.
Arizona State Univ., Temple, Ariz.
Investigation: Determine Total Concentration of Carbon and Nitrogen

Morrison, G. H.
Cornell Univ.
Investigation: Elemental Analysis Using Spark Source Mass Spectrometry

Muir, A. H., Jr.
North American Rockwell Corp., Science Center, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
Investigation: Conduct Mossbauer Effect and Spectroscopic Study of Iron-Bearing Mineral Separates

Murthy, V. R.
Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
Investigation: Determine Rare-Earth Elemental and Low Abundance Isotopes of K, Ca, V and Cr Content by Neutron Activation

Nagata. T. — Co-Investigators: Ozima. M., Ishikiwa, Y.
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
Investigation: Remanent Magnetism Studies

Nagy, B. — Co-Investigator: Urey, H.
Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Investigation: The Presence or Absence of Lipids, Amino Acids, and "Polymer-Type" Organic Matter

Nash, D. B.
NASA Jet Propulsion Lab.
Investigation: Measure Luminescence, and Physical/Chemical Reaction of Lunar Material to Bombardment by 0.5 to 10 KeV Protons

O'Hara, M. J. — Co-Investigator: Biggar, G. M.
Univ. Edinburgh, Scotland
Investigation: Hi-Pressure/Temperature Phase Studies, Determine Temperature of Crystallization of Minerals; Petrologic Studies

O'Kelley, G. D. — Co-Investigators: Bell, P. R., Eldridge, J. S., Schonfeld, E., Richardson, K. A.
Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Tennessee; MSC
Investigation: Develop the Equipment/Methods for LRL; Measure the K40, U, Th, and Cosmic Ray Induced Radionuclide Content

Oro, J. — Co-Investigators: Zlatkis, A., Lovelock, J. E., Becker, R. S., Updegrove, W. S., Flory, D. A.
Univ. Houston, Houston, Texas; Manned Spacecraft Ctr.
A Comprehensive Study of the Carbonaceous and Organogenic Matter Present in Returned Lunar Samples with Combination of Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Oyama, V. I. — Co-Investigators: Merek, E., Silverman, M. P.
NASA Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field, Calif.
Investigation: Isolation and Culture of Viable Organisms


Peck, L. C.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Denver, Colo.
Investigation: Standard Wet Chemical Analytical Techniques for Major Elements

Pepin, R. O. — Co-Investigator: Nier, A. O. C.
Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
Investigation: Measure the Elemental and Isotopic Abundances of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe by Mass Spectrometry

Perkins, R. W. — Co-Investigators: Wogman. N. A., Kaye, J. H., Cooper, J. A., Rancitelli, L. A.
Battelle Mem. Inst., Richland, Wash.
Investigation: Non-Destructive Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Cosmic Ray Induced and Natural Radio-Nuclides

Philpotts, J. A. — Co-Investigators: Schnetzler, C., Masuda, A., Thomas, H. H.
NASA Goddard Space Flight, Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Investigation: Determine the Rare Earth Element Content Using Dilution Technique and Mass Spectrometry

Ponnamperuma, C. A. — Co-Investigators: Oyama, V. I., Pollack, G., Gehrke, C. W., Zill, L. P.
NASA Ames Res. Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; Univ. Missouri
Investigation: Analytical Lunar Sample Analyses for Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids, Sugars, Fatty Acids, Hydrocarbons, Porphyrins and Their Components

Quaide, W. L. — Co-Investigators: Wrigley, R. C. (a), Debs, R. J. (a), Bunch, T. E. (b)
Ames Res. Center
Investigation: (a) By Non-Destructive Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Determine the Al26, Na22, and Mn54 Content (b) Microscopic, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis to Determine the Effects of Shock on Minerals and Rocks

Ramdohr. P. — Co-Investigator: ElGoresy, A.
Max Planck Institut, Heidelberg, Germany
Investigation: Identification of Opaque Minerals, Phases and Composition by X-Ray, Microprobe, and Microscopic Analysis

Reed, G. W. — Co-Investigators: Huizenga, J., Jovanovic, S., Fuchs, L.
Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, Ill.
Investigation: Concentration, Isotopic Composition and Distribution of Trace Elements by Neutron Activation Analysis

Reynolds, J. H. — Co-Investigators: Rowe, M. W., Hohenberg, C. M.
Univ. Calif., Berkeley
Investigation: (a) Rare Gas Content by Mass Spectrometry (b) Mass Spectrometry to Identify Cosmic Ray Produced Nuclides © Mass Spectrometry to Determine Rare Gas, K and U Content; Identify Cosmic Ray Produced Nuclides

Rho, J. H. — Co-Investigators: Bauman, A. J., Bonner, J. F.
NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, California; Cal. Inst. Tech.
Investigation: Determine Metallic and Non-Metallic Porphyrin Content by Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

Richardson, K. A. — Co-Investigators: McKay, D. S., Foss, T. H.
NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas
Investigation: By Autoradiography and Alpha Particle Spectroscopy Identify Alpha Emitting Nuclides

Ringwood, A. E. — Co-Investigator: Green, D. H.
Australian Nat'l Univ., Canberra
Investigation: Petrographic Analysis by Study of Thin and Polished Sections

Robie, R. A.
U.S. Geol. Survey, D. C.
Investigation: Calorimetry (Thermal Properties)

Roedder, E.
U.S. Geol. Survey, D. C.
Investigation: Determine the Nature and Composition of Fluid inclusions, if Present, in Lunar Material

Rose, H. W., Jr. — Co-Investigators: Cuttitta, F., Dwornik, E. J
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
Investigation: X-Ray Fluorescence Methods for Elemental Analysis

Ross, M. — Co-Investigators: Warner, J., Papike, J. J., Clark, J. R.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.; NASA MSC; USGS, D. C.
Investigation: Determine the Crystallographic Parameters and Composition of Pyroxenes, Micas, Amphiboles, and Host Silicate Minerals by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe

Runcorn, S. K.
Univ. of Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
Investigation: Magnetic Properties in Conjunction with Mineralogic Studies

Schaeffer, O. A. — Co-Investigators: Zahringer. J., Bogard, D.
State Univ. of N. Y. at Stony Brook, N. Y.; Max Planck Inst. Germany; Manned Spacecraft Ctr.
Investigation: Determine Rare Gas Content by Mass Spectrometry at LRL

Schmidt, R. A. — Co-Investigator: Loveland, W. D.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
Investigation: Determine Rare-Earth and Selected Trace Elements Content by Neutron Activation Analysis. Isotopes of Sm, Eu, Gd will be Determined by Mass Spectrometry

Schopf, W.
Univ. of Calif., L.A., Los Angeles
Investigation: Micropaleontological Study Using Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Sclar, C. B. — Co-Investigator: Melton, C. W.
Battelle Mem. Inst., Columbus, Ohio
Investigation: Using Replication and Thin Section Electron Microscopy Determine the Damage in Minerals and Rocks Due to Shock

Scoon, J. H.
Univ. Cambridge, England
Investigation: Wet Chemical Analysis for Major Elements

Short, N. M.
Univ. Houston, Houston, Texas
Investigation: By Petrographic Studies Determine Effect of Shock on Rocks and Minerals and Predict Magnitude of Shock and Line of Impacting Missile

Silver, L. T. — Co-Investigator: Patterson, C. C.
Calif. Inst. Tech., Pasadena, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Lead isotopes, Concentrations of U, Th, Pb, and their occurrence in Minerals

Simmons, G. — Co-Investigators: Brace, W. F., Wones, D. R. (parts a & b only)
Mass. Inst. Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: (a) Calculate Elastic Properties From Measurement of Compressional Shear Wave Velocities at STP (b) Measure Thermal Conductivity, Expansion and Diffusivity at STP © Determine Dielectric Constant, Resistivity (d) Determine Thermal Properties at STP on Samples of Core From Lunar Surface

Sippel, R. F. — Co-Investigator: Spencer, A. B.
Mobil Res. and Dev. Corp., Dallas, Texas
Investigation: Apply Luminescence Petrography to Study of Lunar Materials

Skinner, B. J. — Co-investigator: Winchell, H.
Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
Investigation: Examine the Returned Samples for Condensed Sublimates and if Present Determine the Mineral Phases Present and Elemental Composition

Smales, A. A.
Atomic Energy Research Estab., Harwell, England
Investigation: Elemental and Isotopic Abundances by Neutron Activation Analysis and by Emission, Spark Source, and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrography

Smith, J. V. — Co-Investigators: Wyllie, P. J., Elders, W. A.
Univ. Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
Investigation: Mineralogic-Petrographic Analysis Using Microprobe, X-Ray Diffraction and Microscopic Methods

Stephens, D. R. — Co-Investigator: Keeler, R. N.
Lawrence Radiation Lab., Livermore, California
Investigation: Physical Properties-Equation of State

Stewart, D. B. — Co-Investigators: Appleman, D. E., Papike, J. J., Clark, J. R., Ross, M.
U.S. Geol. Survey. D.C.
Investigation: Crystal Structure and Stabilities of Feldspars

Strangway, D. W.
Univ. Toronto, Canada
Investigation: Determine Magnetic Properties Including Remanent, Susceptibility, Thermal, Demagnetization, Identify Magnetic Minerals

Tatsumoto, M. — Co-Investigator: Doe, B. R.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Denver, Colo.
Investigation: Pb Analysis by Mass Spectrometry; U and Th Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Alpha Spectrometry

Tolansky, S.
Royal Holloway College, Univ. London, England
Investigation: Isotopic Abundances of U and Th by Microscopic Studies of Diamonds

Turekian, K. K.
Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
Investigation: Determine 20 Elements Having Halflives Greater Than 3 Days By Neutron Activation Analysis

Turkevich, A. L.
Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
Investigation: (a) Determine Long Lived Isotopes of K, U, and Th by Gamma Ray Spectrometry (b) Neutron Activation Analysis for U, Th, B1, Pb, Tl, and Hg.

Turner, G.
Univ. Sheffield
Investigation: Determine Ar40/Ar39 for Age Dating

Urey, H. C. — Co-Investigator: Marti, K.
Univ. Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Investigation: Isotopic Abundances by Mass Spectroscopy

Von Engelhardt, W. — Co-Investigators: Stoffler, D., Muller, W., Arndt, J.
Univ. Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
Investigation: Petrographic Study to Determine Shock Effects

Walker, R. M.
Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo.
Investigation: (a) Measure the Structural Damage to Crystalline Material by Several Techniques (b) Geochronological Studies by Investigation of Fission Tracks From Radioactive and Cosmic Ray Particles

Wanke, H. — Co-Investigators: Begemann, F., Rieder, R., Vilcsek, E., Voshage, H., Wlotzka, F.
Max Planck Inst., Fur Chemie, Mainz Germany
Investigation: (a) Determine K, Th, U Content (b) Measure Cosmic Ray induced Radioactive Nuclides C14 and Cl30 © Major Elemental Abundances by Fast Neutron Activation (d) Minor Elemental Abundances by Thermal Neutron Activation

Wanless, R. K. — Co-Investigators: Stevens, R. D., Loveridge, W. D.
Geol. Survey, Ottawa, Canada
Investigation: Determine Concentrations of Pb, U, Th, Rb, Sr, Ar, & K and the Isotopic Compositions of Pb and Sr.

Wasserburg, G. J. — Co-Investigator: Burnett, D. S.
Cal. Inst. Tech.
Investigation: Determine K, Ar, Rb, Sr and Rare Gas (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) Content by Mass Spectrometry

Wasson. J. T. — Co-Investigator: Baedecker, P. A.
Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.
Investigation: Elemental Abundances for Ga and Ge by Neutron Activation

Weeks, R. A. — Co-Investigator: Kolopus, J.
Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Investigation: Determine the Valence State and Symmetry of the Crystalline Material Using Electron Spin and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques and Spin Lattice Relaxation Studies

Weill, D. F.
Univ. Oregon, Eugene, Ore.
Investigation: Determine Temperature of Rock Formation by Study of Plagioclase Properties

Wetherill, G. W.
Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.
Investigation: Determine Isotopes of Rb, Sr, U, and Pb by Mass Spectrometry

Wiik, H. B. — Co-Investigator: Ojanpera, P. M.
Geol. Survey, Helsinki, Finland
Investigation: Wet Chemical Methods to Determine Major Elemental Abundance

Wood, J. A. — Co-Investigator: Marvin, U. B.
Smithsonian Inst., Astrophysical Obs., Cambridge, Mass.
Investigation: Mineralogic and Petrologic Studies by Optical Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe Measurements

Zahringer, J. — Co-Investigators: Kirsten, I., Lammerzahl, P.
Max Planck Inst. Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Investigation: By Microprobe Analysis and Mass Spectrometry Determine Gas Content and Solar Wind Particle Distribution

Zussman, J.
Univ. Manchester, Manchester, England
Investigation: Geochemical, Mineralogic, and Petrological Studies

Итого 138 лабораторий. По инету все статьи прекрасно пробиваются. Это ПЕРВОЕ изучение грунта одного А-11 и его первая раздача.

Тот что башкой совсем ослаб?
Oleg Korney, прекращай флудить, и просто ответь.
Почему доступа к "центнерам "грунта нет, и он "для будущих поколений"?
Почему среднесуточная доза для астронавтов столь смешна? Особенно, если учесть, что та же НАСА указывает, что радиация - проблема нешуточная.

Замусорил форум
Что эти твои портянки доказывают?
Твою слепую веру в сообщения НАСА.
Постить такое кол-во совершенно неинформативной туфты (все равно ведь никто не проверит!)
есть признак неспособности вести полемику и бить на дешёвый эффект.
Оставьте это для полуграмотных "образованцев", считающих, что всё знают. Они купятся.
Слепо веруя в официозную "науку", они неспособны думать самостоятельно и отличать ложь от истины.
Ну поверим спискам НАСА, что раздали они 2 кг из якобы 368 (хотя из твоих портянок это не следует).
Что это меняет?
Даже спорить не о чём - как с граммофоном.

У НАСАфилов логика и арифметика - лженауки.

Эта патамушта любовник жены Нобеля был математиком?

я извиняюсь, я забыл добавить пункт Г
г) грунт раздают и сейчас.

я Вам верю... , а , что делать ? иначе гранты "порежут"

физик, математик... хм , срочно ищем химика...

вот нашёл новое кино. итак инопланетяне рулят...

Потому что доступ есть и грунт раздают. Есть совершенно свежие работы. А это я для наглядности списочек вывалил, когда приходют тут и говорят, что "ничего не давали и только в подконтрольные НАСА лабы".

А портянки из Попова что-то доказывают? И причем тут "слепая вера"? Все пробиваемо. Может попробуем? С какой буквы начнем?

Вот Вы типо тут способны отличить "ложь от истины". Ну с какого х. Попов утверждает что давали только по 0,5 грамма, а камни вообще не раздавали? Можно моск включить и сообразить, что гуляние по лабам 200 одинаковых грамм палится на раз, т.к. все образцы разные и даже реголит на разных глубинах различен по своим качествам. Для затравки:
Organic analysis of the returned Apollo 11 lunar sample
Authors: Abell, P. I., Draffan, C. H., Eglinton, G., Hayes, J. M., Maxwell, J. R., & Pillinger, C. T., ,
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1970GeCAS...1.1757A
Оттудова:


Это универ Бристоля, что в Соединенном королевстве и нифига не НАСА.

Не мечите. Ваши оппоненты не оттуда.

А я так. Развлекаюсь. Возьмем, к примеру, букву С с длинного списка, который "портянка":

Да и проколотим по инету. Все имеется. По порядочку:
Calvin, M. — Co-Investigator: Burlingame, A. L. -? Имеется статья 1970 года:
Study of carbon compounds in Apollo 11 lunar samples
Authors: Burlingame, A. L., Calvin, M., Han, J., Henderson, W., Reed, W., & Simoneit, B. R., ,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1970GeCAS...1.1779B

Cameron, E. N. Есть такой:
Opaque minerals in certain lunar rocks from Apollo 11
Authors: Cameron, E. N.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1970GeCAS...1..221C

Далее Carter, N. L.
Mineralogy, petrology and surface features of some Apollo 11 samples
Authors: Carter, J. L. & MacGregor, I. D.
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1970GeCAS...1..247C/0000247.000.html

Chao, E. C. T. — Co-Investigators: James, O. B., Wilcox, R. E., Minkin, J. A. Этого тектса на АДС нет. Нашел только название с абстрактом, по описанию исследований совпадает:
Petrology of unshocked crystalline rocks and evidence of impact metamorphism in Apollo 11 returned lunar sample
Author: Boreman, J. A.; Chao, E. C. T.; Jackson, E. D.; James, O. B.; Minkin, J. A.; Raleigh, C. B
http://ntrs.larc.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19700065400&qs=N%3D4294786300

Clayton, R. N. из универа Чикаго в наличии:
Apollo 11 rocks: Oxygen isotope fractionation between minerals, and an estimate of the temperature
Authors: Onuma, N., Clayton, R. N., & Mayeda, T. K.
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1970GeCAS...1.1429O/0001429.000.html

Cloud, P. тоже есть:
Micromorphology and surface characteristics of lunar dust and breccia
Authors: Cloud, P., Margolis, S. V., Moorman, M., Barker, J. M., Licari, G., Krinsley, D.,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1970GeCAS...1.1793C

Collett, L. S. — Co-Investigator: Becker, A. Это интересно, канадцы. Работу в соавторстве выцепил только за 1978 год:
Magnetic losses in lunar materials
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X78900031
Но гораздо веселее работа 1971 года:
Electrical properties of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 lunar samples
Authors: Katsube, T. J. & Collett, L. S.
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1971LPSC....2.2367K/0002367.000.html
Там к осмотру табличка из 6 разных камней камней:3 А-11 и 3 А-12. Вес указан на стр. 2368
Всего на 39,49 граммов. И чаво там Попов мычал про полуграммовые камни?

На десерт австралийцы:
The chemistry and age of Apollo 11 lunar material
Authors: Compston, W., Chappell, B. W., Arriens, P. A., & Vernon, M. J.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1970GeCAS...1.1007C
А они, собаки, прям указывают:

Ну и всего там 7 камней, 2 брекчии и один образец пыли. Еще один привет доктору Попову.

Десерт. Интервью (кусок) профессора Билла Компстона, работу которого выше указывал, на сайте Австралийской академии наук, как он лунные камни исследовал:

Dating lunar rock samples

In 1969 your ANU laboratory, along with a handful of others around the world, was selected to undertake rubidium–strontium dating of lunar rock samples collected by Apollo 11. How did it feel to be selected for this competition?

It was very satisfying, very exciting. I should emphasise that word ‘dating’. I was a principal investigator for a small group of people who were doing the dating and chemistry of the lunar rocks and minerals by certain techniques. Other principal investigators in Canberra – Ted Ringwood and Ross Taylor – worked on other aspects of the geochemistry of minerals, by other techniques.

I understand that the various laboratories were told, ‘You are going to be given a sample of lunar rocks. You will have three months to do your analysis and then you are to come to an examination, all together, and orally present your results in 10 or 15 minutes, against all the other labs.’ A better international scientific competition I’d be hard-pressed to identify.

It was a terrific competition. I don’t think there has been one so intense since. (Maybe when the Martian samples come back there will be a similar carry-on.) It was very exciting, and it allowed us to meet all sorts of famous names involved with aspects of lunar science. We were happy with our results, but it had been a struggle. Instead of three months, we had more like two. The samples had to be released from the lunar sample handling laboratory in Houston; the package had to come out by diplomatic courier, in someone’s attaché bag; and it then had to be handed to us and received by an approved person. Also, we had to have a safe all set up and ready, where only lunar samples would be allowed, nothing else. We were not used to living like that, but that’s what we had to do. And we upgraded our laboratories because you must have a clean environment, clean reagents and a reliable mass analyser.

How did you do in this international competition?

It was like an intense examination, and I was nervous beforehand. But fortunately we found out that we had the ‘right’ answers, answers that agreed for the age of the lunar basalts with results obtained by the best US laboratory plus a couple of others. So we were confident that we were not going to make fools of ourselves, in the first place.

I used the old-fashioned petrological term ‘mesostasis’ – which the Americans had forgotten – meaning the low melting point fraction: the last fraction of a magma to crystallise, because it has a low fusion point. That is where the uranium concentrated, and the alkalis. We realised that that was where the rubidium had to be, and we were looking for rubidium-rich parts of these lunar basalts. And we were fortunate enough to find that this mesostasis adhered to ilmenite, which is a heavy mineral and doesn’t have anything much else in it. We could make a concentrate of ilmenite and know that we would have a lot of the mesostasis sticking to it, so that’s what we did.

Well then, how old were the lunar samples?

We got 3.8 billion years, 3800 million – essentially the same age as the Caltech group got, at 3700-odd million. But there were complications: there is more than one age of lunar basalt, and also a lot of the samples were of the lunar soil, which is a hotch-potch of fragments of older rocks. You would get a mixed age out of those, which added to the confusion.

Because we stayed in this program for several years we learned that some lunar rocks are, indeed, 4.4 billion years old.

What does this tell us about the Moon?

The Moon, we learned from the history of the rocks, had an initial primitive crust with an age of just over 4.4 billion years, principally made of anorthite, a calcic feldspar. (Being so rich in this feldspar, the crust rock is called anorthosite.) It floated on the top of what looks to be a lunar magma ocean, which cooled fairly rapidly because there is no enclosed atmosphere on the Moon – it is looking out at cold space.

The basalts themselves are the product of later internal heating, because the core of the Moon, or its lower parts, will contain radioactive elements. When the solar system first formed, there was a lot of short-lived radioactivity. For example, aluminium has an isotope at mass 26 that is radioactive and it decays to magnesium-26, generating heat as it does so. When this sort of thing happens inside any planet, the heat has to build up, the temperature rises and you can have a second phase of internal melting. And so the mare basalts, in the lunar ‘oceans’, came out at later times as the temperature rose.

It was found that the mare basalts range from probably 4.2 billion years down to probably about 3.2 billion. It was always known, from the astronomical observations and the crater history, that the mare basalts were younger, because they have a much lower density of craters than the so-called lunar highlands – the original crust. But how much younger? This was the question people wanted answered. The broad observation that the lunar basalts were episodic was confirmed, but we also discovered that there was a whole hierarchy in their age. (Of course, I am using ‘we’ collectively. Lots of people have contributed to this story.)

If the older rocks were 4.4 billion years old, roughly the age of the Earth, does that mean our planet has always had a moon?

Well, you are straying off into theory now. The relationship of the Moon to the Earth was, and still is, a rather famous problem. Ted Ringwood and his lunar science group – especially David Green – worked on the geochemistry of the Moon as a whole and compared it with the geochemistry of particular elements of the Earth. They certainly felt that the Moon could be formed from material that was evaporated from the Earth and recondensed around it. But in the current theory a huge, younger impacter collided with the Earth and melted it, and the Moon spun off as part of that event.
http://science.org.au/scientists/interviews/c/bc.html

Гугель-транслит да поможет, кому интересно.

ЗЫ. Выцепил усе безо всяческих "методичек".

Мне кажется, сторонники загавора опровергают все приведенные вами, и не только, факты лишь от того, что им делать нечего.
Да и угадаю-сейчас же начнут утверждать, что все отчеты сфальсифицированы.

Отчеты могут быть сколь угодно настоящими, однако, ни одна лаборатория в мире. как я понимаю, не сравнивала идентичными методами образцы американского и советского грунта.
Oleg Korney приводил в качестве аргумента ссылки на советские исследования советского же грунта, при этом, советские исследователи ссылались на американские работы, однако, ни в СССР ни в США, ни где либо еще, именно сравнительные исследования не проводились. В этой теме "грунтоведение" и "Лунная агрономия" разбирались уже.

А не надо ПОНИМАТЬ. Надо работы смотреть.
Bulk, rare earth, and other trace elements in Apollo 14 and 15 and Luna 16 samples
Authors: Laul, J. C., Wakita, H., Showalter, D. L., Boynton, W. V., & Schmitt, R. A.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1972LPSC....3.1181L
Rb-Sr systematics of Luna 20 and Apollo 16 samples
D.A. Papanastassiou, G.J. Wasserburg
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X72902580
Metamorphism of Apollo 16 and 17 and Luna 20 metaclastic rocks at about 3.95 AE: Samples 61156, 64423, 14-2, 65015, 67483, 15-2, 76055, 22006, and 22007
Authors: Albee, A. L., Gancarz, A. J., & Chodos, A. A.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1973LPSC....4..569A

Ну и т.д. Гугель дает десятки ссылок.